The 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith
1. The Holy Scripture is the only sufficient, certain, and infallible rule of all saving knowledge, faith, and obedience. 1 Although the light of nature, and the works of creation and providence do so far manifest the goodness, wisdom, and power of God, as to leave men inexcusable; yet are they not sufficient to give that knowledge of God and his will which is necessary unto salvation. 2 Therefore it pleased the Lord at sundry times and in divers manners to reveal himself, and to declare that his will unto his church; 3 and afterward for the better preserving and propagating of the truth, and for the more sure establishment and comfort of the church against the corruption of the flesh, and the malice of Satan, and of the world, to commit the same wholly unto writing; which maketh the Holy Scriptures to be most necessary, those former ways of God’s revealing his will unto his people being now ceased. 4
1. 2 Timothy 3:15-17; Isaiah 8:20; Luke 16:29, 31; Ephesians 2:202. Romans 1:19-21; Romans 2:14-15; Psalms 19:1-33. Hebrews 1:14. Proverbs 22:19-21; Romans 15:4; 2 Peter 1:19-20
2. Under the name of Holy Scripture, or the Word of God written, are now contained all the books of the Old and New Testaments, which are these:OF THE OLD TESTAMENTGenesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, Ruth, I Samuel, II Samuel, I Kings, II Kings, I Chronicles, II Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, The Song of Solomon, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, MalachiOF THE NEW TESTAMENTMatthew, Mark, Luke, John, The Acts of the Apostles, Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, I Corinthians, II Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, I Thessalonians, II Thessalonians, I Timothy, II Timothy, To Titus, To Philemon, The Epistle to the Hebrews, Epistle of James, The first and second Epistles of Peter, The first, second, and third Epistles of John, The Epistle of Jude, The Revelation All of which are given by the inspiration of God, to be the rule of faith and life. 5
5. 2 Timothy 3:16
3. The books commonly called Apocrypha, not being of divine inspiration, are no part of the canon or rule of the Scripture, and, therefore, are of no authority to the church of God, nor to be any otherwise approved or made use of than other human writings. 6
6. Luke 24:27, 44; Romans 3:2
4. The authority of the Holy Scripture, for which it ought to be believed, dependeth not upon the testimony of any man or church, but wholly upon God (who is truth itself), the author thereof; therefore it is to be received because it is the Word of God. 7
7. 2 Peter 1:19-21; 2 Timothy 3:16; 2 Thessalonians 2:13; 1 John 5:9
5. We may be moved and induced by the testimony of the church of God to an high and reverent esteem of the Holy Scriptures; and the heavenliness of the matter, the efficacy of the doctrine, and the majesty of the style, the consent of all the parts, the scope of the whole (which is to give all glory to God), the full discovery it makes of the only way of man’s salvation, and many other incomparable excellencies, and entire perfections thereof, are arguments whereby it doth abundantly evidence itself to be the Word of God; yet notwithstanding, our full persuasion and assurance of the infallible truth, and divine authority thereof, is from the inward work of the Holy Spirit bearing witness by and with the Word in our hearts. 8
8. John 16:13-14; 1 Corinthians 2:10-12; 1 John 2:20, 27
6. The whole counsel of God concerning all things necessary for his own glory, man’s salvation, faith and life, is either expressly set down or necessarily contained in the Holy Scripture: unto which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new revelation of the Spirit, or traditions of men. 9 Nevertheless, we acknowledge the inward illumination of the Spirit of God to be necessary for the saving understanding of such things as are revealed in the Word, 10 and that there are some circumstances concerning the worship of God, and government of the church, common to human actions and societies, which are to be ordered by the light of nature and Christian prudence, according to the general rules of the Word, which are always to be observed. 11
9. 2 Timothy 3:15-17; Galatians 1:8-910. John 6:45; 1 Corinthians 2:9-1211. 1 Corinthians 11:13-14; 1 Corinthians 14:26,40
7. All things in Scripture are not alike plain in themselves, nor alike clear unto all; 12 yet those things which are necessary to be known, believed and observed for salvation, are so clearly propounded and opened in some place of Scripture or other, that not only the learned, but the unlearned, in a due use of ordinary means, may attain to a sufficient understanding of them. 13
12. 2 Peter 3:1613. Psalms 19:7; Psalms 119:130
8. The Old Testament in Hebrew (which was the native language of the people of God of old), 14 and the New Testament in Greek (which at the time of the writing of it was most generally known to the nations), being immediately inspired by God, and by his singular care and providence kept pure in all ages, are therefore authentic; so as in all controversies of religion, the church is finally to appeal to them. 15 But because these original tongues are not known to all the people of God, who have a right unto, and interest in the Scriptures, and are commanded in the fear of God to read, 16 and search them, 17 therefore they are to be translated into the vulgar language of every nation unto which they come, 18 that the Word of God dwelling plentifully in all, they may worship him in an acceptable manner, and through patience and comfort of the Scriptures may have hope. 19
14. Romans 3:215. Isaiah 8:2016. Acts 15:1517. John 5:3918. 1 Corinthians 14:6, 9, 11-12, 24, 2819. Colossians 3:16
9. The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself; and therefore when there is a question about the true and full sense of any Scripture (which is not manifold, but one), it must be searched by other places that speak more clearly. 20
20. 2 Peter 1:20-21; Acts 15:15-16
10. The supreme judge, by which all controversies of religion are to be determined, and all decrees of councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and private spirits, are to be examined, and in whose sentence we are to rest, can be no other but the Holy Scripture delivered by the Spirit, into which Scripture so delivered, our faith is finally resolved. 21
21. Matthew 22:29, 31-32; Ephesians 2:20; Acts 28:23
1. The Lord our God is but one only living and true God; 1 whose subsistence is in and of Himself, 2 infinite in being and perfection; whose essence cannot be comprehended by any but Himself; 3 a most pure spirit, 4 invisible, without body, parts, or passions, who only hath immortality, dwelling in the light which no man can approach unto; 5 who is immutable, 6 immense, 7 eternal, 8 incomprehensible, almighty, 9 every way infinite, most holy, 10 most wise, most free, most absolute; working all things according to the counsel of His own immutable and most righteous will, 11 for His own glory; 12 most loving, gracious, merciful, long-suffering, abundant in goodness and truth, forgiving iniquity, transgression, and sin; the rewarder of them that diligently seek Him, 13 and withal most just and terrible in His judgments, 14 hating all sin, 15 and who will by no means clear the guilty. 16
1. 1 Corinthians 8:4, 6; Deuteronomy 6:42. Jeremiah 10:10; Isaiah 48:123. Exodus 3:144. John 4:245. 1 Timothy 1:17; Deuteronomy 4:15-166. Malachi 3:67. 1 Kings 8:27; Jeremiah 23:238. Psalms 90:29. Genesis 17:110. Isaiah 6:311. Psalm 115:3; Isaiah 46:1012. Proverbs 16:4; Romans 11:3613. Exodus 34:6-7; Hebrews 11:614. Nehemiah 9:32-3315. Psalms 5:5-616. Exodus 34:7; Nahum 1:2-3
2. God, having all life, 17 glory, 18 goodness, 19 blessedness, in and of Himself, is alone in and unto Himself all-sufficient, not standing in need of any creature which He hath made, nor deriving any glory from them, 20 but only manifesting His own glory in, by, unto, and upon them; He is the alone fountain of all being, of whom, through whom, and to whom are all things, 21 and He hath most sovereign dominion over all creatures, to do by them, for them, or upon them, whatsoever Himself pleases; 22 in His sight all things are open and manifest, 23 His knowledge is infinite, infallible, and independent upon the creature, so as nothing is to Him contingent or uncertain; 24 He is most holy in all His counsels, in all His works, 25 and in all His commands; to Him is due from angels and men, whatsoever worship, 26 service, or obedience, as creatures they owe unto the Creator, and whatever He is further pleased to require of them.
17. John 5:2618. Psalms 148:1319. Psalms 119:6820. Job 22:2-321. Romans 11:34-3622. Daniel 4:25, 34-3523. Hebrews 4:1324. Ezekiel 11:5; Acts 15:1825. Psalms 145:1726. Revelation 5:12-14
3. In this divine and infinite Being there are three subsistences, the Father, the Word or Son, and Holy Spirit, 27 of one substance, power, and eternity, each having the whole divine essence, yet the essence undivided: 28 the Father is of none, neither begotten nor proceeding; the Son is eternally begotten of the Father; 29 the Holy Spirit proceeding from the Father and the Son; 30 all infinite, without beginning, therefore but one God, who is not to be divided in nature and being, but distinguished by several peculiar relative properties and personal relations; which doctrine of the Trinity is the foundation of all our communion with God, and comfortable dependence on Him.
27. 1 John 5:7; Matthew 28:19; 2 Corinthians 13:1428. Exodus 3:14; John 14:11; 1 Corinthians 8:629. John 1:14, 1830. John 15:26; Galatians 4:6
1. God hath decreed in himself, from all eternity, by the most wise and holy counsel of His own will, freely and unchangeably, all things, whatsoever comes to pass; 1 yet so as thereby is God neither the author of sin nor hath fellowship with any therein; 2 nor is violence offered to the will of the creature, nor yet is the liberty or contingency of second causes taken away, but rather established; 3 in which appears His wisdom in disposing all things, and power and faithfulness in accomplishing His decree. 4
1. Isaiah 46:10; Ephesians 1:11; Hebrews 6:17; Romans 9:15, 182. James 1:13; 1 John 1:53. Acts 4:27, 28; John 19:114. Numbers 23:19; Ephesians 1:3-5
2. Although God knoweth whatsoever may or can come to pass, upon all supposed conditions, 5 yet hath He not decreed anything, because He foresaw it as future, or as that which would come to pass upon such conditions. 6
5. Acts 15:186. Romans 9:11, 13, 16, 18
3. By the decree of God, for the manifestation of His glory, some men and angels are predestinated, or foreordained to eternal life through Jesus Christ, 7 to the praise of His glorious grace; 8 others being left to act in their sin to their just condemnation, to the praise of His glorious justice. 9
7. 1 Timothy 5:21; Matthew 25:348. Ephesians 1:5-69. Romans 9:22-23; Jude 4
4. These angels and men thus predestinated and foreordained, are particularly and unchangeably designed, and their number so certain and definite, that it cannot be either increased or diminished. 10
10. 2 Timothy 2:19; John 13:18
5. Those of mankind that are predestinated to life, God, before the foundation of the world was laid, according to His eternal and immutable purpose, and the secret counsel and good pleasure of His will, hath chosen in Christ unto everlasting glory, out of His mere free grace and love, 11 without any other thing in the creature as a condition or cause moving Him thereunto. 12
11. Ephesians 1:4, 9, 11; Romans 8:30; 2 Timothy 1:9; 1 Thessalonians 5:912. Romans 9:13, 16; Ephesians 2:5, 12
6. As God hath appointed the elect unto glory, so He hath, by the eternal and most free purpose of His will, foreordained all the means thereunto; 13 wherefore they who are elected, being fallen in Adam, are redeemed by Christ, 14 are effectually called unto faith in Christ, by His Spirit working in due season, are justified, adopted, sanctified, 15 and kept by His power through faith unto salvation; 16 neither are any other redeemed by Christ, or effectually called, justified, adopted, sanctified, and saved, but the elect only. 17
13. 1 Peter 1:2; 2 Thessalonians 2:1314. 1 Thessalonians 5:9-1015. Romans 8:30; 2 Thessalonians 2:1316. 1 Peter 1:517. John 10:26, 17:9, 6:64
7. The doctrine of the high mystery of predestination is to be handled with special prudence and care, that men attending the will of God revealed in His Word, and yielding obedience thereunto, may, from the certainty of their effectual vocation, be assured of their eternal election; 18 so shall this doctrine afford matter of praise, 19 reverence, and admiration of God, and of humility, 20 diligence, and abundant consolation to all that sincerely obey the gospel. 21
18. 1 Thessalonians 1:4-5; 2 Peter 1:1019. Ephesians 1:6; Romans 11:3320. Romans 11:5-6, 2021. Luke 10:20
1. In the beginning it pleased God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, 1 for the manifestation of the glory of His eternal power, 2 wisdom, and goodness, to create or make the world, and all things therein, whether visible or invisible, in the space of six days, and all very good. 3
1. John 1:2-3; Hebrews 1:2; Job 26:132. Romans 1:203. Colossians 1:16; Genesis 1:31
2. After God had made all other creatures, He created man, male and female, 4 with reasonable and immortal souls, 5 rendering them fit unto that life to God for which they were created; being made after the image of God, in knowledge, righteousness, and true holiness; 6 having the law of God written in their hearts, 7 and power to fulfill it, and yet under a possibility of transgressing, being left to the liberty of their own will, which was subject to change. 8
4. Genesis 1:275. Genesis 2:76. Ecclesiastes 7:29; Genesis 1:267. Romans 2:14-158. Genesis 3:6
3. Besides the law written in their hearts, they received a command not to eat of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, 9 which while they kept, they were happy in their communion with God, and had dominion over the creatures. 10
9. Genesis 2:17; 10. Genesis 1:26, 28
1. God the good Creator of all things, in His infinite power and wisdom does uphold, direct, dispose, and govern all creatures and things, 1 from the greatest even to the least. 2 by His most wise and holy providence, to the end for the which they were created, according unto His infallible foreknowledge, and the free and immutable counsel of His own will; to the praise of the glory of His wisdom, power, justice, infinite goodness, and mercy. 3
1. Hebrews 1:3; Job 38:11; Isaiah 46:10, 11; Psalms 135:62. Matthew 10:29-313. Ephesians 1:11
2. Although in relation to the foreknowledge and decree of God, the first cause, all things come to pass immutably and infallibly; 4 so that there is not anything befalls any by chance, or without His providence; 5 yet by the same providence He ordered them to fall out according to the nature of second causes, either necessarily, freely, or contingently. 6
4. Acts 2:235. Proverbs 16:336. Genesis 8:22
3. God, in his ordinary providence makes use of means, 7 yet is free to work without, 8 above, 9 and against them 10 at His pleasure.
7. Acts 27:31, 44; Isaiah 55:10-118. Hosea 1:79. Romans 4:19-2110. Daniel 3:27
4. The almighty power, unsearchable wisdom, and infinite goodness of God, so far manifest themselves in His providence, that His determinate counsel extends itself even to the first fall, and all other sinful actions both of angels and men; 11 and that not by a bare permission, which also He most wisely and powerfully binds, and otherwise orders and governs, 12 in a manifold dispensation to His most holy ends; 13 yet so, as the sinfulness of their acts proceeds only from the creatures, and not from God, who, being most holy and righteous, neither is nor can be the author or approver of sin. 14
11. Romans 11:32-34; 2 Samuel 24:1; 1 Chronicles 21:112. 2 Kings 19:28; Psalms 76:1013. Genesis 1:20; Isaiah 10:6-7, 1214. Psalms 1:21; 1 John 2:16
5. The most wise, righteous, and gracious God does often times leave for a season His own children to manifold temptations and the corruptions of their own hearts, to chastise them for their former sins, or to discover unto them the hidden strength of corruption and deceitfulness of their hearts, that they may be humbled; and to raise them to a more close and constant dependence for their support upon Himself; and to make them more watchful against all future occasions of sin, and for other just and holy ends. 15 So that whatsoever befalls any of His elect is by His appointment, for His glory, and their good. 16
15. 2 Chronicles 32:25-26, 31; 2 Corinthians 12:7-916. Romans 8:28
6. As for those wicked and ungodly men whom God, as the righteous judge, for former sin does blind and harden; 17 from them He not only withholds His grace, whereby they might have been enlightened in their understanding, and wrought upon their hearts; 18 but sometimes also withdraws the gifts which they had, 19 and exposes them to such objects as their corruption makes occasion of sin; 20 and withal, gives them over to their own lusts, the temptations of the world, and the power of Satan, 21 whereby it comes to pass that they harden themselves, under those means which God uses for the softening of others. 22
17. Romans 1:24-26, 28, 11:7-818. Deuteronomy 29:419. Matthew 13:1220. Deuteronomy 2:30; 2 Kings 8:12-1321. Psalms 81:11-12; 2 Thessalonians 2:10-1222. Exodus 8:15, 32; Isaiah 6:9-10; 1 Peter 2:7-8
7. As the providence of God does in general reach to all creatures, so after a more special manner it takes care of His church, and disposes of all things to the good thereof. 23
23. 1 Timothy 4:10; Amos 9:8-9; Isaiah 43:3-5
1. Although God created man upright and perfect, and gave him a righteous law, which had been unto life had he kept it, and threatened death upon the breach thereof, 1 yet he did not long abide in this honor; Satan using the subtlety of the serpent to subdue Eve, then by her seducing Adam, who, without any compulsion, did willfully transgress the law of their creation, and the command given to them, in eating the forbidden fruit, 2 which God was pleased, according to His wise and holy counsel to permit, having purposed to order it to His own glory.
1. Genesis 2:16-172. Genesis 3:12-13; 2 Corinthians 11:3
2. Our first parents, by this sin, fell from their original righteousness and communion with God, and we in them whereby death came upon all: 3 all becoming dead in sin, 4 and wholly defiled in all the faculties and parts of soul and body. 5
3. Romans 3:234. Romans 5:12, etc.5. Titus 1:15; Genesis 6:5; Jeremiah 17:9; Romans 3:10-19
3. They being the root, and by God’s appointment, standing in the room and stead of all mankind, the guilt of the sin was imputed, and corrupted nature conveyed, to all their posterity descending from them by ordinary generation, 6 being now conceived in sin, 7 and by nature children of wrath, 8 the servants of sin, the subjects of death, 9 and all other miseries, spiritual, temporal, and eternal, unless the Lord Jesus set them free. 10
6. Romans 5:12-19; 1 Corinthians 15:21-22, 45, 497. Psalms 51:5; Job 14:48. Ephesians 2:39. Romans 6:20, 5:1210. Hebrews 2:14-15; 1 Thessalonians 1:10
4. From this original corruption, whereby we are utterly indisposed, disabled, and made opposite to all good, and wholly inclined to all evil, 11 do proceed all actual transgressions. 12
11. Romans 8:7; Colossians 1:2112. James 1:14-15; Matthew 15:19
5. The corruption of nature, during this life, does remain in those that are regenerated; 13 and although it be through Christ pardoned and mortified, yet both itself, and the first motions thereof, are truly and properly sin. 14
13. Romans 7:18, 23; Ecclesiastes 7:20; 1 John 1:814. Romans 7:23-25; Galatians 5:17
1. The distance between God and the creature is so great, that although reasonable creatures do owe obedience to him as their creator, yet they could never have attained the reward of life but by some voluntary condescension on God’s part, which he hath been pleased to express by way of covenant. 1
1. Luke 17:10; Job 35:7,8
2. Moreover, man having brought himself under the curse of the law by his fall, it pleased the Lord to make a covenant of grace, 2 wherein He freely offers unto sinners life and salvation by Jesus Christ, requiring of them faith in Him, that they may be saved; 3 and promising to give unto all those that are ordained unto eternal life, His Holy Spirit, to make them willing and able to believe. 4
2. Genesis 2:17; Galatians 3:10; Romans 3:20-213. Romans 5:12-19; 1 Corinthians 15:21-22, 45, 494. Romans 8:3; Mark 16:15-16; John 3:16
3. This covenant is revealed in the gospel; first of all to Adam in the promise of salvation by the seed of the woman, 5 and afterwards by farther steps, until the full discovery thereof was completed in the New Testament; 6 and it is founded in that eternal covenant transaction that was between the Father and the Son about the redemption of the elect; 7 and it is alone by the grace of this covenant that all the posterity of fallen Adam that ever were saved did obtain life and blessed immortality, man being now utterly incapable of acceptance with God upon those terms on which Adam stood in his state of innocency. 8
5. Genesis 3:156. Hebrews 1:17. 2 Timothy 1:9; Titus 1:28. Hebrews 11:6, 13; Romans 4:1-2ff.; Acts 4:12; John 8:56
1. It pleased God, in His eternal purpose, to choose and ordain the Lord Jesus, His only begotten Son, according to the covenant made between them both, to be the mediator between God and man; 1 the prophet, 2 priest, 3 and king; 4 head and savior of the church, 5 the heir of all things, 6 and judge of the world; 7 unto whom He did from all eternity give a people to be His seed and to be by Him in time redeemed, called, justified, sanctified, and glorified. 8
1. Isaiah 42:1; 1 Peter 1:19-202. Acts 3:223. Hebrews 5:5-64. Psalms 2:6; Luke 1:335. Ephesians 1:22-236. Hebrews 1:27. Acts 17:318. Isaiah 53:10; John 17:6; Romans 8:30
2. The Son of God, the second person in the Holy Trinity, being very and eternal God, the brightness of the Father’s glory, of one substance and equal with Him who made the world, who upholds and governs all things He has made, did, when the fullness of time was complete, take upon Him man’s nature, with all the essential properties and common infirmities of it, 9 yet without sin; 10 being conceived by the Holy Spirit in the womb of the Virgin Mary, the Holy Spirit coming down upon her: and the power of the Most High overshadowing her; and so was made of a woman of the tribe of Judah, of the seed of Abraham and David according to the Scriptures; 11 so that two whole, perfect, and distinct natures were inseparably joined together in one person, without conversion, composition, or confusion; which person is very God and very man, yet one Christ, the only mediator between God and man. 12
9. John 1:14; Galatians 4;410. Romans 8:3; Hebrews 2:14, 16-17, 4:1511. Matthew 1:22-2312. Luke 1:27, 31, 35; Romans 9:5; 1 Timothy 2:5
3. The Lord Jesus, in His human nature thus united to the divine, in the person of the Son, was sanctified and anointed with the Holy Spirit above measure, 13 having in Him all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge; 14 in whom it pleased the Father that all fullness should dwell, 15 to the end that being holy, harmless, undefiled, 16 and full of grace and truth, 17 He might be throughly furnished to execute the office of mediator and surety; 18 which office He took not upon himself, but was thereunto called by His Father; 19 who also put all power and judgement in His hand, and gave Him commandment to execute the same. 20
13. Psalms 45:7; Acts 10:38; John 3:3414. Colossians 2:315. Colossians 1:1916. Hebrews 7:2617. John 1:1418. Hebrews 7:2219. Hebrews 5:520. John 5:22, 27; Matthew 28:18; Acts 2:36
4. This office the Lord Jesus did most willingly undertake, 21 which that He might discharge He was made under the law, 22 and did perfectly fulfill it, and underwent the punishment due to us, which we should have born and suffered, 23 being made sin and a curse for us; 24 enduring most grievous sorrows in His soul, and most painful sufferings in His body; 25 was crucified, and died, and remained in the state of the dead, yet saw no corruption: 26 on the third day He arose from the dead 27 with the same body in which He suffered, 28 with which He also ascended into heaven, 29 and there sits at the right hand of His Father making intercession, 30 and shall return to judge men and angels at the end of the world. 31
21. Psalms 40:7-8; Hebrews 10:5-10; John 10:1822. Galatians 4:4; Matthew 3:1523. Galatians 3:13; Isaiah 53:6; 1 Peter 3:1824. 2 Corinthians 5:2125. Matthew 26:37, 38; Luke 22:44; Matthew 27:4626. Acts 13:3727. 1 Corinthians 15:3-428. John 20:25, 2729. Mark 16:19; Acts 1:9-1130. Romans 8:34; Hebrews 9:2431. Acts 10:42; Romans 14:9-10; Acts 1:11; 2 Peter 2:4
5. The Lord Jesus, by His perfect obedience and sacrifice of Himself, which He through the eternal Spirit once offered up to God, has fully satisfied the justice of God, 32 procured reconciliation, and purchased an everlasting inheritance in the kingdom of heaven, for all those whom the Father has given unto Him. 33
32. Hebrews 9:14, 10:14; Romans 3:25-2633. John 17:2; Hebrews 9:15
6. Although the price of redemption was not actually paid by Christ until after His incarnation, yet the virtue, efficacy, and benefit thereof were communicated to the elect in all ages, successively from the beginning of the world, in and by those promises, types, and sacrifices wherein He was revealed, and signified to be the seed which should bruise the serpent’s head; 34 and the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world, 35 being the same yesterday, and today and for ever. 36
34. 1 Corinthians 4:10; Hebrews 4:2; 1 Peter 1:10-1135. Revelation 13:836. Hebrews 13:8
7. Christ, in the work of mediation, acts according to both natures, by each nature doing that which is proper to itself; yet by reason of the unity of the person, that which is proper to one nature is sometimes in Scripture, attributed to the person denominated by the other nature. 37
37. John 3:13; Acts 20:28
8. To all those for whom Christ has obtained eternal redemption, He does certainly and effectually apply and communicate the same, making intercession for them; 38 uniting them to Himself by His Spirit, revealing to them, in and by His Word, the mystery of salvation, persuading them to believe and obey, 39 governing their hearts by His Word and Spirit, 40 and overcoming all their enemies by His almighty power and wisdom, 41 in such manner and ways as are most consonant to His wonderful and unsearchable dispensation; and all of free and absolute grace, without any condition foreseen in them to procure it. 42
38. John 6:37, 10:15-16, 17:9; Romans 5:1039. John 17:6; Ephesians 1:9; 1 John 5:2040. Romans 8:9, 1441. Psalms 110:1; 1 Corinthians 15:25-2642. John 3:8; Ephesians 1:8
9. This office of mediator between God and man is proper only to Christ, who is the prophet, priest, and king of the church of God; and may not be either in whole, or any part thereof, transferred from Him to any other. 43
43. 1 Timothy 2:5
10. This number and order of offices is necessary; for in respect of our ignorance, we stand in need of His prophetical office; 44 and in respect of our alienation from God, and imperfection of the best of our services, we need His priestly office to reconcile us and present us acceptable unto God; 45 and in respect to our averseness and utter inability to return to God, and for our rescue and security from our spiritual adversaries, we need His kingly office to convince, subdue, draw, uphold, deliver, and preserve us to His heavenly kingdom. 46
44. John 1:1845. Colossians 1:21; Galatians 5:1746. John 16:8; Psalms 110:3; Luke 1:74-75
1. God has endued the will of man with that natural liberty and power of acting upon choice, that it is neither forced, nor by any necessity of nature determined to do good or evil. 1
1. Matthew 17:12; James 1:14; Deuteronomy 30:19
2. Man, in his state of innocency, had freedom and power to will and to do that which was good and well-pleasing to God, 2 but yet was unstable, so that he might fall from it. 3
2. Ecclesiastes 7:293. Genesis 3:6
3. Man, by his fall into a state of sin, has wholly lost all ability of will to any spiritual good accompanying salvation; 4 so as a natural man, being altogether averse from that good, and dead in sin, 5 is not able by his own strength to convert himself, or to prepare himself thereunto. 6
4. Romans 5:6, 8:75. Ephesians 2:1, 56. Titus 3:3-5; John 6:44
4. When God converts a sinner, and translates him into the state of grace, He frees him from his natural bondage under sin, 7 and by His grace alone enables him freely to will and to do that which is spiritually good; 8 yet so as that by reason of his remaining corruptions, he does not perfectly, nor only will, that which is good, but does also will that which is evil. 9
7. Colossians 1:13; John 8:368. Philippians 2:139. Romans 7:15, 18-19, 21, 23
5. This will of man is made perfectly and immutably free to good alone in the state of glory only. 10
10. Ephesians 4:13
1. Those whom God hath predestinated unto life, He is pleased in His appointed, and accepted time, effectually to call, 1 by His Word and Spirit, out of that state of sin and death in which they are by nature, to grace and salvation by Jesus Christ; 2 enlightening their minds spiritually and savingly to understand the things of God; 3 taking away their heart of stone, and giving to them a heart of flesh; 4 renewing their wills, and by His almighty power determining them to that which is good, and effectually drawing them to Jesus Christ; 5 yet so as they come most freely, being made willing by His grace. 6
1. Romans 8:30, 11:7; Ephesians 1:10, 11; 2 Thessalonians 2:13-142. Ephesians 2:1-63. Acts 26:18; Ephesians 1:17-184. Ezekiel 36:265. Deuteronomy 30:6; Ezekiel 36:27; Ephesians 1:196. Psalms 110:3; Song of Solomon 1:4
2. This effectual call is of God’s free and special grace alone, not from anything at all foreseen in man, nor from any power or agency in the creature, 7 being wholly passive therein, being dead in sins and trespasses, until being quickened and renewed by the Holy Spirit; 8 he is thereby enabled to answer this call, and to embrace the grace offered and conveyed in it, and that by no less power than that which raised up Christ from the dead. 9
7. 2 Timothy 1:9; Ephesians 2:88. 1 Corinthians 2:14; Ephesians 2:5; John 5:259. Ephesians 1:19-20
3. Elect infants dying in infancy are regenerated and saved by Christ through the Spirit; 10 who works when, and where, and how He pleases; 11 so also are all elect persons, who are incapable of being outwardly called by the ministry of the Word.
10. John 3:3, 5-611. John 3:8
4. Others not elected, although they may be called by the ministry of the Word, and may have some common operations of the Spirit, 12 yet not being effectually drawn by the Father, they neither will nor can truly come to Christ, and therefore cannot be saved: 13 much less can men that do not receive the Christian religion be saved; be they never so diligent to frame their lives according to the light of nature and the law of that religion they do profess. 14
12. Matthew 22:14, 13:20-21; Hebrews 6:4-513. John 6:44-45, 65; 1 John 2:24-2514. Acts 4:12; John 4:22, 17:3
1. Those whom God effectually calls, he also freely justifies, 1 not by infusing righteousness into them, but by pardoning their sins, and by accounting and accepting their persons as righteous; 2 not for anything wrought in them, or done by them, but for Christ’s sake alone; 3 not by imputing faith itself, the act of believing, or any other evangelical obedience to them, as their righteousness; but by imputing Christ’s active obedience unto the whole law, and passive obedience in his death for their whole and sole righteousness by faith, 4 which faith they have not of themselves; it is the gift of God. 5
1. Romans 3:24, 8:302. Romans 4:5-8, Ephesians 1:73. 1 Corinthians 1:30-31, Romans 5:17-194. Philippians 3:8-9; Ephesians 2:8-105. John 1:12, Romans 5:17
2. Faith thus receiving and resting on Christ and his righteousness, is the alone instrument of justification; 6 yet is not alone in the person justified, but is ever accompanied with all other saving graces, and is no dead faith, but works by love. 7
6. Romans 3:287. Galatians 5:6, James 2:17, 22, 26
3. Christ, by his obedience and death, did fully discharge the debt of all those who are justified; and did, by the sacrifice of himself in the blood of his cross, undergoing in their stead the penalty due to them, make a proper, real, and full satisfaction to God’s justice in their behalf; 8 yet, in as much as he was given by the Father for them, and his obedience and satisfaction accepted in their stead, and both freely, not for anything in them, 9 their justification is only of free grace, that both the exact justice and rich grace of God might be glorified in the justification of sinners. 10
8. Hebrews 10:14; 1 Peter 1:18-19; Isaiah 53:5-69. Romans 8:32; 2 Corinthians 5:2110. Romans 3:26; Ephesians 1:6-7, 2:7
4. God did from all eternity decree to justify all the elect, 11 and Christ did in the fullness of time die for their sins, and rise again for their justification; 12 nevertheless, they are not justified personally, until the Holy Spirit in time does actually apply Christ to them. 13
11. Galatians 3:8, 1 Peter 1:2, 1 Timothy 2:612. Romans 4:2513. Colossians 1:21-22, Titus 3:4-7
5. God continues to forgive the sins of those that are justified, 14 and although they can never fall from the state of justification, 15 yet they may, by their sins, fall under God’s fatherly displeasure; 16 and in that condition they usually do not have the light of his countenance restored to them, until they humble themselves, beg pardon, and renew their faith and repentance. 17
14. Matthew 6:12, 1 John 1:7, 915. John 10:2816. Psalms 89:31-3317. Psalms 32:5, Psalms 51, Matthew 26:75
6. The justification of believers under the Old Testament was, in all these respects, one and the same with the justification of believers under the New Testament. 18
18. Galatians 3:9; Romans 4:22-24
1. All those that are justified, God conferred, in and for the sake of his only Son Jesus Christ, to make partakers of the grace of adoption, 1 by which they are taken into the number, and enjoy the liberties and privileges of the children of God, 2 have his name put on them, 3 receive the spirit of adoption, 4 have access to the throne of grace with boldness, are enabled to cry Abba, Father, 5 are pitied, 6 protected, 7 provided for, 8 and chastened by him as by a Father, 9 yet never cast off, 10 but sealed to the day of redemption, 11 and inherit the promises as heirs of everlasting salvation. 12
1. Ephesians 1:5; Galatians 4:4-52. John 1:12; Romans 8:173. 2 Corinthians 6:18; Revelation 3:124. Romans 8:155. Galatians 4:6; Ephesians 2:186. Psalms 103:137. Proverbs 14:26; 1 Peter 5:78. Hebrews 12:69. Isaiah 54:8-910. Lamentations 3:3111. Ephesians 4:3012. Hebrews 1:14, 6:12
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